Nigel Saunders

Academic qualifications

2001: Academic entry on the GMC / STA Specialist Register in Pathology / Bacteriology

2000: PhD (Medical Microbiology & Microbial Pathogenesis) Open University / Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford.

1995: DipRCPath

1994: MSc (Clinical Microbiology) University of London

1990: MB ChB (UK Medical Degree, equivalent of US MD) University of Aberdeen

1986: BMedBiol (Pathology) Hons/1^st University of Aberdeen

Profile

Nigel believes that research should be both useful and interesting. He has co-authored over 100 academic papers and book chapters, largely relating to medical microbiology and research that exploits genome information and addresses how living systems work ‘as a whole system’ (in bacteria, plants, structural biology, cancer biology, biomarkers, and more). His work is highly cited (ISI h-index 23) and he is always interested to discuss ways in which genomics and systems biology can be exploited to gain deeper insights into how living systems work, especially the key determinants of how they behave. This is frequently, but far from exclusively, focussed on the factors / differences that make bacteria dangerous (or not). He is always open to and encourages interested students, potential post-doctoral fellows, or collaborators to contact him and explore working with us at any time – or just to discuss an interesting idea.

Nigel trained in medicine in Aberdeen, including an additional MRC-supported year pursuing studying research and pathology (the mechanisms of disease), including electives and two SHHD-funded summer research studentships pursuing laboratory research. He did his junior house officer posts in the professorial medical and surgical wards in Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, working with clinical trials patients where possible, before starting specialist training in microbiology / pathology in Birmingham with Douglas Burden at Birmingham General Hospital. He did his main specialist training in microbiology and infection in the Infectious Disease Department at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School / Hammersmith Hospital in London (now part of Imperial College), under the directorship of Jon Cohen and Tom Rogers. During this time Nigel pursued research in Jon Cohen’s sepsis group, and more independently in the area of antibiotic therapy and drug monitoring. After completing the clinical requirements for training Nigel moved to an exclusively research-based / laboratory career, but this clinical and translatable background remains an important consideration in his work.

In 1995 Nigel was awarded a Wellcome Trust Research Fellowship in Medical Microbiology, and he moved to train in molecular biology, bacterial pathogenesis, and genomics in Richard Moxon’s Molecular Infectious Disease Group, in the Institute for Molecular Medicine, Oxford University. During this time he was fortunate to be trained and supported by a strong team and to be part of international collaborations at the forefront of bacterial genome sequencing, analysis, and exploitation. After this, in 2000, he was awarded a Wellcome Trust Advanced Research Fellowship, which supported a move to establish the Bacterial Pathogenesis and Functional Genomics Group, at the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford University, and after this Fellowship he was taken over to an on-going post as a Reader and group leader in the Department. During this time work focussed on genomics, regulation, and the underlying evolution and determinants of bacterial virulence, but also included a wide range of collaborative projects exploiting functional genomics ranging from regulation in plants, mouse and human immunology, cancer biology, and biomarker discovery.

During his time in Oxford, Nigel also re-designed an taught the pre-clinical medical bacteriology course in the medical school, and held positions in several Oxford Colleges including a Lectureships at Magdalen College and Somerville College, a 5-year Fellowship at University College, and a Senior Research Fellowship at Somerville College (where he continues to hold an Honorary Senior Research Fellowship, now he has re-located to Brunel University).

In 2011 Nigel moved to Brunel University to take up the Interdisciplinary Chair of Systems Biology, and co-directorship of the Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology. This is an opportunity to continue and develop existing strong areas of research, and to develop others in the area of functional genomics, systems biology, and synthetic biology, which more appropriately encompass the way in which his research and interests have developed over the last 10+ years. Equally important, it involves a move to a University with a Systems Biology Centre which has a clear goal to integrate, develop, and exploit the biological sciences and computational science / maths interface, and to combine people from both backgrounds into a single research-focussed grouping, which is so vital to this area of research in the future. This integration is reflected by the fact that Nigel is a member of both Biosciences in the School of Health Sciences and Social Care, and also the School of Information Systems, Computing, and Mathematics.

For more information on Nigel’s research, please refer to the web pages for the Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology.

Publications

Journal Papers

(2011) Whalley, HJ., Sargeant, AW., Steele, JF., Lacoere, T., Lamb, R., Saunders, NJ., Knight, H. and Knight, MR., Transcriptomic analysis reveals calcium regulation of specific promoter motifs in Arabidopsis, Plant Cell 23 (11) : 4079- 4095

(2011) Porter, SL., Wilkinson, DA., Byles, ED., Wadhams, GH., Taylor, S., Saunders, NJ. and Armitage, JP., Genome sequence of Rhodobacter sphaeroides strain WS8N, Journal of Bacteriology 193 (15) : 4027- 4028 Download publication

(2011) van Kester, MS., Ballabio, E., Benner, MF., Chen, XH., Saunders, NJ., van der Fits, L., van Doorn, R., Vermeer, MH., Willemze, R., Tensen, CP. and Lawrie, CH., miRNA expression profiling of mycosis fungoides, Molecular Oncology 5 (3) : 273- 280

(2011) Chi, JX., Ballabio, E., Chen, XH., Kusec, R., Taylor, S., Hay, D., Tramonti, D., Saunders, NJ., Littlewood, T., Pezzella, F., Boultwood, J., Wainscoat, JS., Hatton, CSR. and Lawrie, CH., MicroRNA expression in multiple myeloma is associated with genetic subtype, isotype and survival, Biology Direct 623 Download publication

(2011) Saunders, NJ., Trivedi, UH., Thomson, ML., Doig, C., Laurenson, IF. and Blaxter, ML., Deep resequencing of serial sputum isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during therapeutic failure due to poor compliance reveals stepwise mutation of key resistance genes on an otherwise stable genetic background, Journal of Infection 62 (3) : 212- 217

(2010) Ballabio, E., Mitchell, T., van Kester, MS., Taylor, S., Dunlop, HM., Chi, JX., Tosi, I., Vermeer, MH., Tramonti, D., Saunders, NJ., Boultwood, J., Wainscoat, JS., Pezzella, F., Whittaker, SJ., Tensen, CP., Hatton, CSR. and Lawrie, CH., MicroRNA expression in Sezary syndrome: identification, function, and diagnostic potential, Blood 116 (7) : 1105- 1113

(2010) Grzmil, M., Rzymski, T., Milani, M., Harris, AL., Capper, RG., Saunders, NJ., Salhan, A., Ragoussis, J. and Norbury, CJ., An oncogenic role of eIF3e/INT6 in human breast cancer, Oncogene 29 (28) : 4080- 4089

(2010) Farquhar, CA., Paterson, AM., Cobbold, SP., Rueda, HG., Fairchild, PJ., Yates, SF., Adams, E., Saunders, NJ., Waldmann, H. and Nolan, KF., Tolerogenicity is not an absolute property of a dendritic cell, European Journal of Immunology 40 (6) : 1728- 1737

(2010) Sainsbury, S., Ren, J., Nettleship, JE., Saunders, NJ., Stuart, DI. and Owens, RJ., The structure of a reduced form of OxyR from Neisseria meningitidis, BMC Structural Biology 1010 Download publication

(2010) Ren, J., Sainsbury, S., Nettleship, JE., Saunders, NJ. and Owens, RJ., The crystal structure of NGO0477 from Neisseria gonorrhoeae reveals a novel protein fold incorporating a helix-turn-helix motif, Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics 78 (7) : 1798- 1802

(2010) Malhas, A., Saunders, NJ. and Vaux, DJ., The nuclear envelope can control gene expression and cell cycle progression via miRNA regulation, Cell Cycle 9 (3) : 531- 539

(2009) Howie, D., Nolan, KF., Daley, S., Butterfield, E., Adams, E., Garcia-Rueda, H., Thompson, C., Saunders, NJ., Cobbold, SP., Tone, Y., Tone, M. and Waldmann, H., MS4A4B is a GITR-associated membrane adapter, expressed by regulatory T cells, which modulates T cell activation, Journal of Immunology 183 (7) : 4197- 4204

(2009) Sainsbury, S., Lane, LA., Ren, J., Gilbert, RJ., Saunders, NJ., Robinson, CV., Stuart, DI. and Owens, RJ., The structure of CrgA from Neisseria meningitidis reveals a new octameric assembly state for LysR transcriptional regulators, Nucleic Acids Research 37 (14) : 4545- 4558 Download publication

(2009) Yao, Y., Zhao, Y., Smith, LP., Lawrie, CH., Saunders, NJ., Watson, M. and Nair, V., Differential expression of microRNAs in Marek's disease virus-transformed T-lymphoma cell lines, Journal of General Virology 90 (Pt 7) : 1551- 1559

(2009) Lawrie, CH., Chi, J., Taylor, S., Tramonti, D., Ballabio, E., Palazzo, S., Saunders, NJ., Pezzella, F., Boultwood, J., Wainscoat, JS. and Hatton, CSR., Expression of microRNAs in diffuse large B cell lymphoma is associated with immunophenotype, survival and transformation from follicular lymphoma, Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine 13 (7) : 1248- 1260

(2009) Gamba, P., Veening, JW., Saunders, NJ., Hamoen, LW. and Daniel, RA., Two-step assembly dynamics of the Bacillus subtilis divisome, Journal of Bacteriology 191 (13) : 4186- 4194

(2009) Okamoto, H., Göbel, C., Capper, RG., Saunders, N., Feussner, I. and Knight, MR., The α-subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein affects jasmonate responses in Arabidopsis thaliana, Journal of Experimental Botany 60 (7) : 1991- 2003

(2009) Jordan, PW. and Saunders, NJ., Host iron binding proteins acting as niche indicators for Neisseria meningitidis, PLoS One 4 (4) : e5198 Download publication

(2009) Waters, MT., Wang, P., Korkaric, M., Capper, RG., Saunders, NJ. and Langdale, JA., GLK transcription factors coordinate expression of the photosynthetic apparatus in Arabidopsis, The Plant Cell 21 (4) : 1109- 1128 Download publication

(2009) Nichols, CE., Sainsbury, S., Ren, J., Walter, TS., Verma, A., Stammers, DK., Saunders, NJ. and Owens, RJ., The structure of NMB1585, a MarR-family regulator from Neisseria meningitidis, Acta Crystallographica Section F: Structural Biology and Crystallization Communications 65 (Pt 3) : 204- 209 Download publication

(2008) Sainsbury, S., Ren, J., Saunders, NJ., Stuart, DI. and Owens, RJ., Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of CrgA, a LysR-type transcriptional regulator from pathogenic Neisseria meningitidis MC58, Acta Crystallographica Section F: Structural Biology and Crystallization Communications 64 (Pt 9) : 797- 801 Download publication

(2008) Ren, J., Nettleship, JE., Sainsbury, S., Saunders, NJ. and Owens, RJ., Structure of the cold-shock domain protein from Neisseria meningitidis reveals a strand-exchanged dimer, Acta Crystallographica Section F: Structural Biology and Crystallization Communications 64 (Pt 4) : 247- 251 Download publication

(2008) Lawrie, CH., Saunders, NJ., Soneji, S., Palazzo, S., Dunlop, HM., Cooper, CDO., Brown, PJ., Troussard, X., Mossafa, H., Enver, T., Pezzella, F., Boultwood, J., Wainscoat, JS. and Hatton, CSR., MicroRNA expression in lymphocyte development and malignancy, Leukemia 22 1440- 1446

(2008) Harper, KN., Ocampo, PS., Steiner, BM., George, RW., Silverman, MS., Bolotin, S., Pillay, A., Saunders, NJ. and Armelagos, GJ., On the origin of trepanomatoses: A phylogenetic approach, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2 (1) : e148 Download publication

(2007) Snyder, LAS., McGowan, S., Rogers, M., Duro, E., O'Farrell, E. and Saunders, NJ., The repertoire of minimal mobile elements in the Neisseria species and evidence that these are involved in horizontal gene transfer in other bacteria, Molecular Biology and Evolution 24 (12) : 2802- 2815

(2007) Bennett, JS., Jolley, KA., Sparling, PF., Saunders, NJ., Hart, CA., Feavers, IM. and Maiden, MCJ., Species status of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Evolutionary and epidemiological inferences from multilocus sequence typing, BMC Biology 535 Download publication

(2007) Tett, A., Spiers, AJ., Crossman, LC., Ager, D., Ciric, L., Dow, JM., Fry, JC., Harris, D., Lilley, A., Oliver, A., Parkhill, J., Quail, MA., Rainey, PB., Saunders, NJ., Seeger, K., Snyder, LAS., Squares, R., Thomas, CM., Turner, SL., Zhang, XX., Field, D. and Bailey, MJ., Sequence-based analysis of pQBR103; a representative of a unique, transfer-proficient mega plasmid resident in the microbial community of sugar beet, ISME Journal 1 (4) : 331- 340

(2007) Yates, SF., Paterson, AM., Nolan, KF., Cobbold, SP., Saunders, NJ., Waldmann, H. and Fairchild, PJ., Induction of regulatory T cells and dominant tolerance by dendritic cells incapable of full activation, Journal of Immunology 179 (2) : 967- 976

(2007) Ren, J., Sainsbury, S., Combs, SE., Capper, RG., Jordan, PW., Berrow, NS., Stammers, DK., Saunders, NJ. and Owens, RJ., The structure and transcriptional analysis of a global regulator from Neisseria meningitidis, Journal of Biological Chemistry 282 (19) : 14655- 14664

(2007) Malhas, A., Lee, CF., Sanders, R., Saunders, NJ. and Vaux, DJ., Defects in lamin B1 expression or processing affect interphase chromosome position and gene expression, The Journal of Cell Biology 176 (5) : 593- 603 Download publication

(2007) Bentley, SD., Vernikos, GS., Snyder, LAS., Churcher, C., Arrowsmith, C., Chillingworth, T., Cronin, A., Davis, PH., Holroyd, NE., Jagels, K., Maddison, M., Moule, S., Rabbinowitsch, E., Sharp, S., Unwin, L., Whitehead, S., Quail, MA., Achtman, M., Barrell, B., Saunders, NJ. and Parkhill, J., Meningococcal genetic variation mechanisms viewed through comparative analysis of Serogroup C strain FAM18, PLoS Genetics 3 (2) : e23 Download publication

(2007) Whitehead, RN., Overton, TW., Snyder, LAS., McGowan, SJ., Smith, H., Cole, JA. and Saunders, NJ., The small FNR regulon of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Comparison with the larger E. coli FNR regulon and interaction with the NarQ-NarP regulon, BMC Genomics 835 Download publication

(2006) Overton, TW., Whitehead, R., Li, Y., Snyder, LAS., Saunders, NJ., Smith, H. and Cole, JA., Coordinated regulation of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae-truncated denitrification pathway by the Nitric Oxide-sensitive repressor, NsrR, and Nitrite-insensitive NarQ-NarP, Journal of Biological Chemistry 281 (44) : 33115- 33126

(2006) Salaün, L. and Saunders, NJ., Population-associated differences between the phase variable LPS biosynthetic genes of Helicobacter pylori, BMC Microbiology 679 Download publication

(2006) Gunesekere, IC., Kahler, CM., Powell, DR., Snyder, LAS., Saunders, NJ., Rood, JI. and Davies, JK., Comparison of the RpoH-dependent regulon and general stress response in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Journal of Bacteriology 188 (13) : 4769- 4776

(2006) Nichols, CE., Sainsbury, S., Berrow, NS., Alderton, D., Saunders, NJ., Stammers, DK. and Owens, RJ., Structure of the PII signal transduction protein of Neisseria meningitidis at 1.85 Ȃ resolution, Acta Crystallographica Section F: Structural Biology and Crystallization Communications 62 (Pt 6) : 494- 497 Download publication

(2006) Snyder, LAS. and Saunders, N., The majority of genes in the pathogenic Neisseria species are present in non-pathogenic Neisseria lactamica, including those designated as 'virulence genes', BMC Genomics 7128 Download publication

(2006) Gunesekere, IC., Kahler, CM., Ryan, CS., Snyder, LAS., Saunders, NJ., Rood, JI. and Davies, JK., Ecf, an alternative sigma factor from Neisseria gonorrhoeae, controls expression of msrAB, which encodes methionine sulfoxide reductase, Journal of Bacteriology 188 (10) : 3463- 3469

(2005) Snyder, LAS., Jarvis, SA. and Saunders, NJ., Complete and variant forms of the ‘gonococcal genetic island’ in Neisseria meningitidis, Microbiology 151 (12) : 4005- 4013

(2005) Saunders, NJ., Boonmee, P., Peden, JF. and Jarvis, SA., Inter-species horizontal transfer resulting in core-genome and niche-adaptive variation within Helicobacter pylori, BMC Genomics 69 Download publication

(2005) Snyder, LAS., Davies, JK., Ryan, CS. and Saunders, NJ., Comparative overview of the genomic and genetic differences between the pathogenic Neisseria strains and species, Plasmid 54 (3) : 191- 218

(2005) Ren, JS., Sainsbury, S., Berrow, NS., Alderton, D., Nettleship, JE., Stammers, DK., Saunders, NJ. and Owens, RJ., Crystal structure of nitrogen regulatory protein IIA(Ntr) from Neisseria meningitidis, BMC Structural Biology 513 Download publication

(2005) Herbert, MA., Beveridge, CJE., McCormick, D., Aten, E., Jones, N., Snyder, LAS. and Saunders, NJ., Genetic islands of Streptococcus agalactiae strains NEM316 and 2603VR and their presence in other Group B Streptococcal strains, BMC Microbiology 531 Download publication

(2005) Jordan, PW., Snyder, LAS. and Saunders, NJ., Strain-specific differences in Neisseria gonorrhoeae associated with the phase variable gene repertoire, BMC Microbiology 521 Download publication

(2005) Letarte, M., Voulgaraki, D., Hatherley, D., Foster-Cuevas, M., Saunders, NJ. and Barclay, AN., Analysis of leukocyte membrane protein interactions using protein microarrays, BMC Biochemistry 62 Download publication

(2005) Salaün, L., Ayraud, S. and Saunders, NJ., Phase variation mediated niche adaptation during prolonged experimental murine infection with Helicobacter pylori, Microbiology 151 (3) : 917- 923

(2004) Gravenor, MB. and Saunders, NJ., Estimation of mutation rates, Biometrics 60 (4) : 1053- 1054

(2004) Herbert, MA., Beveridge, CJE. and Saunders, NJ., Bacterial virulence factors in neonatal sepsis: Group B streptococcus, Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 17 (3) : 225- 229

(2004) Snyder, LAS., Davies, JK. and Saunders, NJ., Microarray genomotyping of key experimental strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae reveals gene complement diversity and five new neisserial genes associated with minimal mobile elements, BMC Genomics 523 Download publication

(2004) Salaün, L., Linz, B., Suerbaum, S. and Saunders, NJ., The diversity within an expanded and redefined repertoire of phase-variable genes in Helicobacter pylori, Microbiology 150 (4) : 817- 830

(2003) Jordan, P., Snyder, LAS. and Saunders, NJ., Diversity in coding tandem repeats in related Neisseria spp, BMC Microbiology 323 Download publication

(2003) Saunders, NJ., Richard Moxon, E. and Gravenor, MB., Mutation rates: Estimating phase variation rates when fitness differences are present and their impact on population structure, Microbiology 149 (2) : 485- 495

(2003) Maloy, KJ., Salaun, L., Cahill, R., Dougan, G., Saunders, NJ. and Powrie, F., CD4+CD25+ TR cells suppress innate immune pathology through cytokine-dependent mechanisms, Journal of Experimental Medicine 197 (1) : 111- 119 Download publication

(2003) Salaün, L., Snyder, LAS. and Saunders, NJ., Adaptation by phase variation in pathogenic bacteria, Advances in Applied Microbiology 52 263- 301

(2003) Snyder, LAS., Shafer, WM. and Saunders, NJ., Divergence and transcriptional analysis of the division cell wall (dcw) gene cluster in Neisseria spp., Molecular Microbiology 47 (2) : 431- 442

(2002) Saunders, NJ. and Snyder, LAS., The minimal mobile element, Microbiology 148 (12) : 3756- 3760

(2002) Liu, SV., Saunders, NJ., Jeffries, A. and Rest, RF., Genome analysis and strain comparison of Correia repeats and Correia repeat-enclosed elements in pathogenic Neisseria, Journal of Bacteriology 184 (22) : 6163- 6173

(2002) Moxon, ER., Hood, DW., Saunders, NJ., Schweda, EKH. and Richards, JC., Functional genomics of pathogenic bacteria, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London: Biological Sciences 357 (1417) : 109- 116

(2001) Snyder, LAS., Butcher, SA. and Saunders, NJ., Comparative whole genome analyses reveal over 100 putative phase variable genes in the pathogenic Neisseria spp, Microbiology 147 (8) : 2321- 2332

(2001) Snyder, LAS., Saunders, NJ. and Shafer, WM., A putatively phase variable gene (dca) required for natural competence in Neisseria gonorrhoeae but not Neisseria meningitidis is located within the division cell wall (dcw) gene cluster, Journal of Bacteriology 183 (4) : 1233- 1241

(2000) Saunders, NJ., Jeffries, AC., Peden, JF., Hood, DW., Tettelin, H., Rappuoli, R. and Richard Moxon, E., Repeat-associated phase variable genes in the complete genome sequence of Neisseria meningitidis strain MC58, Molecular Microbiology 37 (1) : 207- 215

(2000) Saunders, NJ. and Jeffries, AC., The growing utility of microbial genome sequences (Meeting Report), Genome Biology 1 (1) : 410 Download publication

(2000) Saunders, NJ., Peden, JF. and Richard Moxon, E., DNA uptake sequences in Helicobacter pylori - Authors’ reply, Microbiology 146 (6) : 1255- 1256

(2000) Saunders, NJ., Jeffries, AC., Hood, DW. and Richard Moxon, E., High rates of phase variation in Campylobacter jejuni, Molecular Microbiology 36 (6) : 1504- 1505

(2000) Saunders, NJ., Working from the particular to the general: The development of comparative genomics - A meeting report from the 4th Annual Conference on Microbial Genomes, Molecular Microbiology 36 (5) : 1034- 1036

(2000) Tettelin, H., Saunders, NJ., Heidelberg, J., Jeffries, AC., Nelson, KE., Eisen, JA., Ketchum, KA., Hood, DW., Peden, JF., Dodson, RJ., Nelson, WC., Gwinn, ML., DeBoy, R., Peterson, JD., Hickey, EK., Haft, DH., Salzberg, SL., White, O., Fleischmann, RD., Dougherty, BA., Mason, T., Ciecko, A., Parksey, DS., Blair, E., Cittone, H., Clark, EB., Cotton, MD., Utterback, TR., Khouri, H., Qin, H., Vamathevan, J., Gill, J., Scarlato, V., Masignani, V., Pizza, M., Grandi, G., Sun, L., Smith, HO., Fraser, CM., Richard Moxon, E., Rappuoli, R. and Craig Venter, J., Complete genome sequence of Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup B Strain MC58, Science 287 (5459) : 1809- 1815

(2000) Pizza, M., Scarlato, V., Masignani, V., Giuliani, MM., Aricò, B., Comanducci, M., Jennings, GT., Baldi, L., Bartolini, E., Capecchi, B., Galeotti, CL., Luzzi, E., Manetti, R., Marchetti, E., Mora, M., Nuti, S., Ratti, G., Santini, L., Savino, S., Scarselli, M., Storni, E., Zuo, P., Broeker, M., Hundt, E., Knapp, B., Blair, E., Mason, T., Tettelin, H., Hood, DW., Jeffries, AC., Saunders, NJ., Granoff, DM., Venter, JC., Moxon, ER., Grandi, G. and Rappuoli, R., Identification of vaccine candidates against Serogroup B Meningococcus by whole-genome sequencing, Science 287 (5459) : 1816- 1820

(2000) De Bolle, X., Bayliss, CD., Field, D., Van De Ven, T., Saunders, NJ., Hood, DW. and Richard Moxon, E., The length of a tetranucleotide repeat tract in Haemophilus influenzae determines the phase variation rate of a gene with homology to type III DNA methyltransferases, Molecular Microbiology (35) : 211- 222

(1999) Saunders, NJ., Peden, JF. and Richard Moxon, E., Absence in Helicobacter pylori of an uptake sequence for enhancing uptake of homospecific DNA during transformation, Microbiology 145 (12) : 3523- 3528

(1999) Saunders, NJ., Hood, DW. and Richard Moxon, E., Bacterial evolution: Bacteria play pass the gene, Current Biology 9 (5) : R180- R183

(1998) Saunders, NJ. and Richard Moxon, E., Implications of sequencing bacterial genomes for pathogenesis and vaccine development, Current Opinion in Biotechnology 9 (6) : 618- 623

(1998) Hosking, SL., Deadman, ME., Richard Moxon, E., Peden, JF., Saunders, NJ. and High, NJ., An in silico evaluation of Tn916 as a tool for generalized mutagenesis in Haemophilus influenzae Rd, Microbiology 144 (9) : 2525- 2530

(1998) Saunders, NJ., Peden, JF., Hood, DW. and Richard Moxon, E., Simple sequence repeats in the Helicobacter pylori genome, Molecular Microbiology 27 (6) : 1091- 1098

(1998) Shackley, F., Roberts, P., Heath, P., Bowler, I. and Saunders, NJ., Trough-only monitoring of serum vancomycin concentrations in neonates, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 41 (1) : 141- 142

(1995) Saunders, NJ., Adams, DJ. and Lynn, WA., A prospective laboratory-based audit of gentamicin use and therapeutic monitoring, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 36 (4) : 729- 736

(1995) Saunders, NJ., Want, SV. and Adams, DJ., Assay of vancomycin by fluorescence polarisation immunoassay and EMIT in patients with renal failure, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 36 (2) : 411- 415

(1995) Saunders, NJ., Vancomycin administration and monitoring reappraisal, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 36 (2) : 279- 282

(1995) Saunders, NJ. and Cohen, J., A study of the interaction between recombinant bactericidal permeability increasing protein (rBPI23) and gentamicin, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 5 (4) : 259- 263

(1995) MacGowan, A., Lovering, A., White, L., Reeves, D., Collyns, TA., Oppenheim, BA., Wysocki, M., Thomas, F., Wolff, M., de Hoog, M., Mouton, JW., van den Anker, JN., Duffull, SB., Begg, EJ. and Saunders, NJ., Why monitor peak vancomycin concentrations? - Letters to the Editor, Lancet 345 (8950) : 645- 647

(1995) Esfahani, RF., Saunders, N., Ward, KN. and Hodgson, HJF., The spectrum of hepatitis C antibody positive disease in a teaching hospital, Journal of Infection 30 (2) : 115- 119

(1994) Saunders, NJ., Why monitor peak vancomycin concentrations?, Lancet 344 (8989-8940) : 1748- 1750

(1990) Whiting, PH., Thomson, KJ., Saunders, NJ. and Simpson, JG., The effects of cyclosporin A on glucose homeostasis and the kidney in the normal rat, Journal of Experimental Pathology 71 (2) : 245- 255

(1989) Thomson, KJ., Saunders, NJ., Simpson, JG. and Whiting, PH., Renal structure and function in streptozotocin-diabetic rats treated with cyclosporin A, British Journal of Experimental Pathology 70 (4) : 405- 414

(1989) Whiting, PH., Thomson, KJ., Saunders, NJ. and Simpson, JG., Cyclosporin A nephrotoxicity in streptozotocin-diabetic rats, Transplantation Proceedings 21 (1 - Pt 1) : 946- 947

(1988) Simpson, JG., Saunders, NJ., Thomson, KJ. and Whiting, PH., Chronic renal damage caused by cyclosporine, Transplantation Proceedings 30 (3 Suppl 3) : 792- 799

Book Chapters

(2011) Saunders, NJ. and Davies, JK., The use of the pan-Neisseria microarray and experimental design for transcriptomics studies of Neisseria. In: Chrisodoulides, M. ed. Neisseria Meningitidis: Advanced Methods and Protocols. Springer (799) : 295- 317

(2007) Snyder, LAS., Jordan, PW. and Saunders, NJ., Neisseria: A post-genomic view. In: Pallen, MJ., Nelson, KE. and Preston, GM. eds. Bacterial pathogenomics. Washington, DC : American Society for Microbiology 90- 119

(2007) Snyder, LAS., Snudden, G., Haan, N. and Saunders, NJ., Comparative genomics: The nature of GCH analysis and data interpretation. In: Falciani, F. ed. Microarray technology through applications. Abingdon : Taylor & Francis 269- 284

(2007) Saunders, N., Protein microarrays. In: Falciani, F. ed. Microarray technology through applications. Abingdon : Taylor & Francis 211- 226

(2005) Saunders, NJ. and Snyder, LAS., The neisserial genomes: What they reveal about the diversity and behavior of these species. In: Dunn, MJ., Jorde, LB., Little, PFR. and Subramaniam, S. eds. Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics. Wiley

(2003) Saunders, NJ. and Butcher, S., The use of complete genome sequences in vaccine design. In: Vaccine Protocols. New Jersey : Humana Press (87) : 301- 312

(2003) Saunders, NJ., Evasion of antibody responses: Bacterial phase variation. In: Henderson, B. and Oyston, PCF. eds. Bacterial evasion of host immune responses. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press 103- 124

(2001) Jeffries, AC., Saunders, NJ. and Hood, DW., Genome sequencing and annotation. In: Pollard, AJ. and Maiden, MCJ. eds. Meningococcal disease. Humana Press Inc 215- 231

(1989) Whiting, PH., Saunders, NJ., Thomson, KJ. and Simpson, JG., Chronic renal tubular damage caused by Cyclosporin A. In: Bach, PH. and Lock, EA. eds. Nephrotoxicity: in vitro to in vivo, animals to man. New York : Plenum Publishing Corporation 307- 313

Books

(2009) Saunders, NJ., Flu And You: Your Questions Answered, And What You Need To Know. Twin Serpents Ltd