1) Wireless Local Loop: The first/last mile – digital subscriber line (xDSL)
2) Voice over IP (over ATM) – Convergence of voice and data networks.
3) Third Generation Cellular Mobile Networks (UMTS).
4) Broad Band Satellite Networks: Extension of Broad Band Networks across Satellite/Convergence with Terrestrial Networks.
5) Optical Networks Technology: Modelling of components
e.g. Fibre Amplifiers, MUX/DEMUX, etc.